Does layer-specific strain using speckle tracking echocardiography improve the assessment of left ventricular myocardial deformation? A review

An increasing number of studies of left ventricular myocardial deformation have been published. Layer-specific strain using speckle tracking echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular function is not recommended in clinical practice. However, evaluation of myocardial mechanics using longitudinal and circumferential layer-specific strain enables the detection of subclinical impairment of myocardial deformation in various diseases. Unfortunately, normal values for longitudinal and circumferential strain have not been clearly defined. In normal subjects, layer-specific strain decreases from the endocardial to the epicardial layer, and from the apex to the base of the left ventricle. Although various studies have tried to define normal values for each layer in healthy subjects, studies with more subjects are needed. This tool has good reproducibility in terms of intraobserver and interobserver variability, but, as with monolayer strain, it has poor intervendor variability. Efforts that aim for standardization between vendors will be required before widespread use of this technique can be advocated.

Layer-specific strain characteristics using speckle tracking. 2D: two-dimensional; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient; LSS: layer-specific strain; LV: left ventricle.

Echocardiography, Layer-specific strain, Multilayer strain

• CAD: coronary artery disease
• GLS: global longitudinal strain
• ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient
• LSS: layer-specific strain
• LV: left ventricular
• NSTE-ACS: non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
• SPECT: single-photon emission computed tomography

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