The VALVAFRIC study: A registry of rheumatic heart disease in Western and Central Africa

Samuel Kingué, Serigne Abdou Ba, Dhadi Balde, Mamadou Bocary Diarra, Jean-Baptiste Anzouan-Kacou, Benedict Anisubia, Jean-Marie Damorou, Pierre Ndobo, Alain Menanga, Abdoul Kane, Maurice Kakou-Guikahué, Monique Kenfack, Bernard Metogo, David Chelo, Euloge Yangnigni, Cabral Tantchou, Edmond Bertrand, Jean-Jacques Monsuez, for the Working Group on Tropical Cardiology of the Société Française de Cardiologie

Background: There are few African data available on rheumatic heart disease (RHD).

Aim: To provide data on the clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with RHD hospitalized in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: The VALVAFRIC study is a multicentre hospital-based retrospective registry of patients with RHD hospitalized in African cardiology departments from 2004 to 2008.

Results. — Among 3441 patients with at least one mild RHD lesion seen on echocardiography in 5 years in 12 cardiology departments from seven countries, 1385 had severe lesions (502 men;803 women; mean age 29.3 ± 15.6 years). The ratio of severe to any RHD valvular lesion was higher in countries with the lowest gross domestic product (GDP). Mitral valve regurgitation was seen in 52.8% of cases, aortic regurgitation in 32.1%, mitral stenosis in 13.4% and aortic stenosis in 1.8%. Combined valvular lesions were observed in 13% of cases. Heart failure was present in 40% of patients. Major left ventricular dilatation was observed in 13.6% of patients, ectasic left atrial dilatation in 13.8%, dilatation of the right cardiac chambers in 19.8% and pulmonary hypertension in 28.7%. Patients with no formal schooling (41.5%) were older and had a higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and a lower ejection fraction (EF). Among patients aged < 20 years (mean age 14.5 ± 3.8 years), those who were schooled had a lower NYHA class (2.86 ± 0.92 vs 3.42 ± 0.93; P < 0.01) and a higher EF (60.3 ± 11.7 vs. 54.8 ± 12.8; P < 0.05) than those who were not. RHD-related delays or school failures were affected by NYHA class, EF and the number of children in the household. Although 1200 of 1334 patients required valve repairor replacement, only 27 had surgery. In-hospital outcomes included death (16%), heart failure (62%), arrhythmias (22%), endocarditis (4%) and thromboembolic events (4%). Subsequently, 176 patients were readmitted (13.6%).

Conclusions: Patients with RHD hospitalized in sub-Saharan Africa are young, socially disad-vantaged, with a high mortality rate and extremely low access to surgery. Poverty, as quantifiedby GDP and educational level, affects RHD-related severity, NYHA class and left ventriculardysfunction.

© 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.